The Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes

Andrew Ulmer

Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astrophysik


The observability of the tidal disruption of stars by massive black holes in galactic nuclei is considered. At least three phases following a tidal disruption event may have spectacular (and observable) consequences: (1) a flare produced by the initial fast accretion of the disrupted material which may have absolute magnitudes in excess of -19 in V and -21 in U, (2) a long lasting $\sim 10^3$ year phase in which the mass to light ratio of the black hole remains below 1, and (3) a nearly constant level of nebular line-emission from recombining highly ionized species such as HeII.


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